The materials are based on the Round Table organized by the Russian Public Council for the Development of Education (RPCDE). The topic of the Round Table was «Is our school viable?» The Unified State Exam, and recent international evaluations of the quality of school education show that the quality of our education is lower than in developed countries. This situation cannot but cause concern. In this section: How can this lag be overcome? What are the crucially important directions of development of a modern education system in Russia? Are the results of the international evaluation of our education reliable? Does Russia need these results at all?